Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wlikʷos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Disputed.

Matasović derives this from Proto-Indo-European *welk- (“wet, damp”) with a suffix *-wo-.^[1] This derivation allows for close relations to *wolkos (“rain, wet weather”) and *wolkīti (“to wash”).
Others instead derive this from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (“moist, to wet”).^[2]

Adjective

*wlikʷos

wet

Alternative reconstructions

*wlikʷus^[3]

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wlikʷos	*wlikʷou	*wlikʷoi
vocative	*wlikʷe	*wlikʷou	*wlikʷoi
accusative	*wlikʷom	*wlikʷou	*wlikʷons
genitive	*wlikʷī	*wlikʷous	*wlikʷom
dative	*wlikūi	*wlikʷobom	*wlikʷobos
instrumental	*wlikū	*wlikʷobim	*wlikʷobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wlikʷā	*wlikʷai	*wlikʷās
vocative	*wlikʷā	*wlikʷai	*wlikʷās
accusative	*wlikʷam	*wlikʷai	*wlikʷans
genitive	*wlikʷās	*wlikʷous	*wlikʷom
dative	*wlikʷai	*wlikʷābom	*wlikʷābos
instrumental	*?	*wlikʷābim	*wlikʷābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wlikʷom	*wlikʷou	*wlikʷā
vocative	*wlikʷom	*wlikʷou	*wlikʷā
accusative	*wlikʷom	*wlikʷou	*wlikʷā
genitive	*wlikʷī	*wlikʷous	*wlikʷom
dative	*wlikūi	*wlikʷobom	*wlikʷobos
instrumental	*wlikū	*wlikʷobim	*wlikʷobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wlikʷyūs	*?	*wlikʷyoses
vocative	*wlikʷyūs	*?	*wlikʷyoses
accusative	*wlikʷyosam	*?	*wlikʷyosans
genitive	*wlikʷisos	*?	*wlikʷisom
dative	*wlikʷisei	*?	*wlikʷisbos
instrumental	*wlikʷisī	*?	*wlikʷisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wlikʷyūs	*?	*wlikʷyoses
vocative	*wlikʷyūs	*?	*wlikʷyoses
accusative	*wlikʷyosam	*?	*wlikʷyosans
genitive	*wlikʷisos	*?	*wlikʷisom
dative	*wlikʷisei	*?	*wlikʷisbos
instrumental	*wlikʷisī	*?	*wlikʷisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wlikʷis	*?	*?
vocative	*wlikʷis	*?	*?
accusative	*wlikʷis	*?	*?
genitive	*wlikʷisos	*?	*wlikʷisom
dative	*wlikʷisei	*?	*wlikʷisbos
instrumental	*wlikʷisī	*?	*wlikʷisbis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwlɨb
- Old Breton: gulip
  - Middle Breton: gloeb, glueb
    - Breton: gwleb
- Cornish: gleb, glyb
- Old Welsh: gulip
  - Middle Welsh: gulip, gwlyp
    - Welsh: gwlyb
Old Irish: fliuch
- Irish: fliuch
- Manx: fliugh
- Scottish Gaelic: fliuch
⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *gwliθ
- Middle Breton: gluiz
  - Breton: glizh
- Cornish: gluth
- Middle Welsh: gwlith
  - Welsh: gwlith

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 696-697
^ Old-Irish is a u-stem. See Kim McCone (1994) chapter II, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, section 20.4, page 125

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 426

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 696-697

[3] Old-Irish is a u-stem. See Kim McCone (1994) chapter II, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, section 20.4, page 125

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